regulation of acid-base homeostasis by the kidney

REGULATION OF ACID-BASE HOMEOSTASIS BY THE KIDNEY

The kidney and acid-base regulation.

Since the topic of the role of the kidneys in the regulation of acid-base balance was last reviewed from a teaching perspective (Koeppen BM. Renal regulation of acid-base balance. Adv Physiol Educ 20: 132-141, 1998), our understanding of the specific membrane transporters involved in H(+), HCO(3)(-), and NH(4)(+) transport, and especially how these transporters are regulated in response to syst...

Control of acid-base and ammonia homeostasis by the liver

Apart from its role in ammonia elimination hepatic urea synthesis helps to maintain the acid-base homeostasis. To understand this sophisticated control mechanism a mathematical model was developed that includes the glutamine metabolism of the liver at its core. The model consists of sigmoid kinetic functions controlling the periportal production of ammonia by glutaminase (EC 3.5.1.2), the periv...

Renal Physiology Acid-Base Homeostasis

Acid-base homeostasis and pH regulation are critical for both normal physiology and cell metabolism and function. The importance of this regulation is evidenced by a variety of physiologic derangements that occur when plasma pH is either high or low. The kidneys have the predominant role in regulating the systemic bicarbonate concentration and hence, the metabolic component of acid-base balance...

Regulation of the V-ATPase in kidney epithelial cells: dual role in acid-base homeostasis and vesicle trafficking.

The proton-pumping V-ATPase is a complex, multi-subunit enzyme that is highly expressed in the plasma membranes of some epithelial cells in the kidney, including collecting duct intercalated cells. It is also located on the limiting membranes of intracellular organelles in the degradative and secretory pathways of all cells. Different isoforms of some V-ATPase subunits are involved in the targe...

Disorders of Water and Acid-Base Homeostasis

Disorders of water balance lead either to dehydration or overhydration. Because there is an intimate relationship between water and sodium concentration (water generally following salt), one can distinguish hypotonic, isotonic and hypertonic dehydration and the same for overhydration. The vast majority of water balance disorders are acquired. In this article, the focus is on the inherited disor...